The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors of dental caries in preschool children in Istanbul. Five nursery schools in Istanbul were included and results of 598 students' were collected. Subjects were orally examined. Socio-demographic data were obtained from the records and from parents. Oral examination data were recorded on examination forms in accordance with the WHO criteria. Bivariate analyses were conducted using chi-square test Multivariate analyses were then performed to estimate the simultaneous impact of the independent variables on dft. Logistic regression analysis was performed in stages. In the study, while although the percentage of children had 60% caries and 0 results at the age of 3, this percentage drops to 15.3% at the age 6. 36%Thirty-six percent of the students have insufficient oral hygiene. Statistically meaningful difference was ascertained in chi-square analysis related to age, mother's education level, and father's occupation. When the variables with statistically meaningful difference are estimated with logistic regression analysis, the age and father's father's occupation turned out to be the risk indicators that affect dft level.

Diet control is one of the important factors in the prevention of dental caries because food functions as substratum for fermentation and, consequently, for the formation of the organic acids that demineralize the tooth surface. This study aims to descriptively assess school diet and the associated caries-preventive methods applied to children in all municipal nursery schools of a Brazilian city (Aragatuba/SP). For this, a questionnaire with open and closed questions was used. The results showed that all schools serve school meal, which is composed mainly of sugar, carbohydrates, and proteins. The students enjoy the meal very much because for most of them, the meal served at school is the only source of food. It was observed that 90% of the schools offer other kinds of food besides the main school meal. The snacks served such as cakes, white hominy, and milk fudge are composed of sweet and highly cariogenic foods. It was also verified that in 13.30% of the schools, the daily supervised dental hygiene, an important procedure that should not be neglected, is not carried out. This procedure introduces the children to healthy habits that are added to those acquired in the family environment. It was concluded that the school diet is potentially cariogenic and, in association with the lack of daily dental hygiene, this potential may become even higher.

To compare the accuracy of root canal lengths in primary teeth determined by tactile sense, electronic apex locator, conventional radiography, and digital radiography in primary teeth. The study sample consisted of twenty 20 extracted, single-rooted primary teeth. A comparison was made between the working length measurements obtained by tactile sensation, electronic apex locator, conventional film, and digital radiography, using stereomicroscopic measurements to obtain real canal length. The mean readings obtained were 15.91 ± 2.06 by tactile measurement, 15.94 94 ± 1.42 by apex locator, 16.06 ± 1.73 by conventional radiography, and 15.91 ± 1.60 by digital radiography. No statistically significant differences were seen between the techniques.

Bacteriocins are bacteriocidal proteinaceous molecules produced by the Gram-positive bacteria not active against the produced strain. Many investigations have revealed that certain bacteria using antibacterial or the inhibitory substance inhibit some other bacteria. A study was conducted in a group of 60 children to ascertain whether any correlation exists between the proportion of salivary bacteria inhibiting and stimulating Streptococcus mutans and the oral health indices (DMFT, deft and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs). A definite inverse correlation was observed between the percentage of salivary inhibiting S. mutans and untreated carious teeth (UCT).

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Dental Health Education programs among school children of different socioeconomic groups. The investigators made a visit to three different schools and studied 500 children. A ten items, open-ended, self-administered questionnaire was pretested on the primary and higher primary school children before and after an educational intervention. A second visit was made to one of the schools 1 year later and the same questionnaire was re-administered to those subjects who had participated in the original study. Results showed that although educational intervention was successful in improving the Dental health awareness of most children, the socioeconomic background is an important determinant for the same. Also, single-lecture technique seems to be inadequate in improving the knowledge of children in the long term.

Root canal morphology of deciduous mandibular first molar was studied using roentgenographic and decalcification and clearing methods. Two groups of 15 teeth were formed. In the roentgenographic group, roots of the teeth were separated from the crown at the level of CEJ. Cut roots of the teeth were radiographed from both mesiodistal and buccolingual directions using separate IOPA films. In the decalcification and clearing group, teeth were decalcified and made transparent. Dye was injected later. The roots of the teeth were examined under 10 times for number, curvature, types and additional features of root canals. Deciduous mandibular first molar showed variability in root canal morphology. Four to five root canals were recorded. Majority of the teeth had 1-1 type of root canal anatomy, but 1-2 type anatomy was also reported. Straight, curved and S-shaped canal curvatures were recorded. Horizontal anastomosis, lateral canals and buccolingually broad root canals were also recorded.

The prevalence of the most common dental disease, dental caries has been a subject of intense debate due to its importance in statistical measurement and for the clinical control of this disease. Kulasekharam, a small village, situated in Kanyakumari District has a large number of hospitals and a dental college; yet the people seem to have a very poor knowledge about dental health. This prompted us to do a study among school children in the age group of 6-12 years to assess the prevalence of dental caries and to increase their awareness toward oral health. This paper further strives to find any correlation between patient awareness and prevalence of dental decay. The dental caries prevalence was noted to be low compared to the WHO-recommended values. The fluoride level was also tested and was found to be far below the optimal level.

Muscular activity of the lips, cheeks, and the tongue are important factors, which not only guide the occlusal development but also affect the growth of the jaws. Bottle feeding has been known to cause a myriad of changes in the oro-facial development. But the adverse effects of feeding practices with respect to developing dentition has been a subject of controversy. Hence a study was designed with the aim and objectives to check the commonly adopted feeding practices in South Kanara, to compare the occlusion of 3-to 5-year-old children with breast feeding, bottle feeding or combination, and to check whether prolonged feeding has any adverse influence on developing dentition. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed to parents of 3- to 5-year-old children of which 153 were chosen for recording the impression and for studying the occlusion under various parameters. The results of the study indicated definite potential hazards of prolonged breast and bottle feeding especially with a tendency to develop openbite and posterior crossbite. It also suggested that an early preventive and interceptive approach

Odontomes are considered to be hamartomatous malformation rather than true neoplasm and are generally asymptomatic. Here is a case presentation of compound composite odontome with impacted deciduous teeth in an 11-year-old girl. A calcified mass was revealed in the radiograph and the case was finally diagnosed to be compound composite odontome. The mass was surgically excised.

Case report showing classical Radicular dens invaginatus; along with in vitro illustrations of the extracted tooth and RVG (Radiovisiography) after radiopaque dye injection.

Mesiodens is a midline supernumerary tooth commonly seen in the maxillary arch. It is the most significant dental anomaly affecting permanent dentition mainly and primary dentition rarely. It may occur as an isolated dental anomalous condition or may be associated with a syndrome. Many theories have been promulgated to explain its etiology. But an exact etiology is still obscure. Incidence of mesiodens in children varies from 0.15 to 3.8%. Boys are affected more (2 : 1) than Girls. Morphologically, mesiodens may be of three types: the most commonly seen is conical, while tuberculate and supplementary types.

Dens in dente are known to be associated with many dental abnormalities such as taurodontism microdontia, gemination, and dens evaginatus. This paper describes a rare case of double dens in dente in a lateral incisor with crown morphology similar to a premolar present in a patient with features of albinism. Problems associated with this condition and their management is discussed.